The Striped Bass Manual
  • HOME
  • Chapter 1 : Tactics & Techniques
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Techniques
    • Freshwater Striped Bass Fishing Basics
    • Battle technique, putting' on the brakes...and wild fights
    • Bank Fishing for Stripers
    • Striped Bass Deep Water Fishing Facts and Information
    • Tips on Locating and Catching Striped Bass
    • 5 Striped Bass Fishing Tips For Using Their Instincts To Your Advantage
    • Targeting Big Fish
    • Striper class 101
    • Striper Lakes
    • Striper Fishing Tips
    • Ready to catch more stripers?
    • Striper School Fishing Fundamentals
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Booms
    • Never Lose Another Striped Bass
    • How To Catch More and Bigger Stripers
    • Don't Lose Your Fish!
    • Bigger Fish in Striper Blitzes
    • Striper Stealth
    • Big Mean Fish and Silly Little Plastic Boats
    • Kill Your Fish Finder & Other Stealth Techniques for Trophy Stripers
    • Important Quick Tips!
    • Stripers Have Great Vision!
    • Bring Two Rods!
    • Persistance
  • Chapter 2: Fishing Live/Cut Bait
    • Fishing for Stripers with Cut Bait
    • Anchovy Rigging Techniques
    • 3 Deadly Bait Rigs For Stripers
    • Fishing with Cut Bait for Stripers
    • Live Baits for Freshwater Striped Bass Fishing
    • Bait Fishing
    • Using Cut Bait for Stripers
    • Downrod Fishing for Stripers
    • How to Rig Fishing Line Using Anchovies for Freshwater Striper
    • Chunk - Cut Bait Fishing
    • Trim the Fins on Your Live Bait
    • Bait and Bait Rigs For Stripers
    • How to Find Shad for Bait
    • Chicken Livers: Secret Striper Bait
  • Chapter 3: Fishing Artificials
    • Striped Bass Plugging
    • Favorite Lures of the Striper Guides
    • Jigging: Basics
    • 3 Tips to help you catch more topwater stripers
    • Swimmer Plugs
    • Buck the Trend For Striped Bass
    • Striper Lures That Really Work
    • Striped Bass Jigging
    • Vertical Jigging for Striped Bass
    • Striper Lures for Trolling
    • Striped Bass on Bucktails
    • Early Springtime Reservoir Stripers on Artificials
    • Lures for Striped Bass
    • A Deadly Fluke Rig for Striper
    • Crankbaits For Stripers
    • Topwater Lures for Stripers
    • Traditional Poppers
    • Striped Bass Fishing Lures
    • How to Choose Lures for Striped Bass
    • Refining Top-water Techniques for Big Stripers The Next Level
    • Fall Striped Bass: Soft Plastic Jerk Bait
    • How To Catch More and Bigger Freshwater Stripers
    • Striper Lures That Really Work
    • Striped Bass Detect Shades
    • How to Dead Stick Striped Bass and Hybrid Striper
    • Six Topwater Secrets
  • Chapter 4: Spring & Summer Fishing
    • 4 Live Fishing Bait Strategies for Summer Striped Bass
    • Spring tips for striped bass fishing
    • Early Spring Striper Fishing Tactics
    • Spawning-Run Stripers
    • Spring Striper Fishing Tactics
    • Tip - Bigger Fish in Summer Blitzes
    • How to Catch Summer Striped Bass
    • Night Time is Striper Time
    • Early Springtime Reservoir Stripers on Artificials
  • Chapter 5: Fall & Winter Fishing
    • Catch Striped Bass All Winter Long
    • Fall Turnover
    • Fall Striped Bass: Soft Plastic Jerk Bait
    • Guide Tactics for Winter Striper
    • Winter Freshwater Striper tactics
    • Tactics for Wintertime Freshwater Stripers
    • Cold - Weather Striper Tactics
    • Time to try winter striped bass fishing
    • Going Deep For Stripers
    • Striped Bass Provide Great Cold Weather Angling Action
  • Chapter 6 : Fly Fishing for Stripers
    • Beginner's Guide to Fly Fishing for Striped Bass: The Gear
    • Big Jerks
    • Sweetwater Stripers
    • Fly Fishing for Stripers is Fun in Freshwater
    • Spey Stripers
    • The Big-Lake Blitz
    • Versatility For Success!!
    • Spring Flyfishing for White Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Fly Fishing for Hybrid Striped Bass in the Spring
    • Fly Fishing a Striper Boil/Blitz
  • Chapter 7: Bait Tanks & Keeping Bait
    • What Do Gizzard Shad Eat - Feeding Shad
    • Shad Keeper - Keep Shad Alive
    • Salt and Shad
    • Dissolved Oxygen and Shad
    • Mechanical Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Chemical Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Bait Tank - Water and Conditioning
    • Water Aeration in Live Bait Tanks
    • Keeping Live Bait - Alive and Active
    • Bio-Wheel Filtration System for Live Bait Tanks
  • Chapter 8: Striped Bass Conservation
    • How to enhance your Striper catch and release efforts
    • Striped Bass Circle Hook Study
    • Thermal Niche Preference and Mortality of Striped Bass In Reservoirs
    • Striped Bass Hooking Mortality
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Booms
    • Live Wells for Stripers
  • Chapter 9: Trolling for Stripers
    • Trolling for Landlocked Striped Bass
    • How to Troll Live Bait
    • Using Planer boards when trolling live bait
    • Slow-Trolling for Stripers
    • Trolling For Striped Bass
    • How to troll spoons in fresh water for Striped Bass
    • A New Look at Light Tackle Trolling
    • Technique for Trolling Artificial Lures
    • Leadcore Trolling
    • Flatline Trolling for Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Trolling for Big Stripers
    • Trolling for Stripers
  • Chapter 10: River Fishing for Stripers
    • Spawning-Run Stripers
    • Striped Bass River Fishing Facts and Information
    • Spring River Striper Techniques
    • River Fishing Facts and Information
    • Nightime River Fishing for September Striped Bass
    • Tips for Striped Bass Fishing in Rivers
  • Chapter 11: Odds & Ends
    • The Striped Bass
    • Tips to identify white bass, stripers and hybrid striped bass
    • World Record Striped Bass
    • Striped Bass Spawning Habits
    • Striper Myth Busting
    • Two of the Biggest Inland Stripers Ever Caught!
    • Stripers From Hook To Plate
  • Chapter 12: Tackle & Equipment
    • Choosing the Right Line: Mono Vs. Braid
    • How to Select a Fishing Line
    • Make Your Own Wooden Lures for Stripers
    • Six Tips for Choosing a Top-water Rod
    • Seven Tips for Selecting a Jigging Rod For Striper
    • Choosing the Right Rod For Light Tackle Stripers
    • Striper Fishing Boats
    • Striped Bass Boat Fishing Tackle
    • Selection of a Rod for Striper Fishing
    • What is the best fluorocarbon line?
    • Circle Hooks
    • How to Choose Lures for Striper Bass
    • Striped Bass Fishing Lures
    • TopWater Lures for Stripers
  • Chapter 13: Fishing with Planer Boards
    • Flat Lines and Planer Boards 101
    • Planer Board for Stripers
    • Carters Lake Planer-Board Winter Stripers
    • Planer boards can be adapted for wide variety of fishing applications
    • Planer boards adapt well for striped bass
    • Planer boards aren’t just for walleyes anymore
  • Chapter 14: Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Heating it up with Hybrids
    • Something about Hybrids
    • The Hard Fighting Hybrid Striper
    • Hybrid Striped Bass Information
    • Night Stripes — Fishing tips for Lake St. John hybrid stripers
  • Chapter 15 :Virginia Striped Bass Fishing
    • Buggs Island Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Claytor Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Lake Anna Striper Fishing Opportunities
    • Leesville Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Smith Mountain Lake Striper Opportunities
  • VirginiaStripers.com
  • Contact
Picture

Striped Bass Circle Hook Study
by MD DNR Fisheries Biologist Rudy Lukacovic @ http://www.dnr.state.md.us

Picture
INTRODUCTION

The popularity of catch-and-release fishing for striped bass has increased substantially in recent years. Along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to North Carolina, 14.2 million striped bass were caught in 1999 and 90% were released. An assumed constant 8% mortality rate for released striped bass is incorporated into state and federal management plans to set seasons and limits. Therefore, the mortality of released fish can be a significant component of overall fishing mortality.

Since 1996, the Fisheries Service of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources has been conducting studies that evaluate factors that influence the survival of fish that are caught and released by recreational anglers. Studies have included hickory and American shad, white perch, summer flounder and striped bass.

Physical injury and stress are the two main factors influencing survival of fish that are caught and released. Fish can be physically injured from hook wounds and during handling and release. They can be physiologically stressed by the exertion from the fight.

Numerous studies with a variety of species have shown that the location of the hook wound (physical injury) is the single most important factor influencing the survival of released fish. If the wound site is a vital organ, mortality is high. The wound site can be affected by hook size or configuration, bait size, the use of natural bait verses artificial lures (natural baits tend to be swallowed more frequently), angler experience or fish behavior.

Stress-related mortality can be affected by variations in the environment. Temperature, salinity and fish size are three important and interactive factors that affect survival of caught and released striped bass. High temperatures, low salinity and larger fish size have been shown to increase, individually or in combination, the mortality of released striped bass

Picture
METHODS

The Fisheries Service conducted a study last summer that evaluated the survival of striped bass caught on conventional hooks and circle hooks in different environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay. The study was conducted with the cooperation of the Maryland Charter Boat Association, the Maryland Coastal Conservation Association and the Maryland Saltwater Sportfisherman's Association (please note that this link may take a little while to download).

Striped bass were caught by hook and line at Love Point at the mouth of the Chester River and at the Diamonds near the Choptank River.

They were held in pens off Love Point and at the Cooperative Oxford Laboratory.

Two 2-day trials were conducted at each location from June through October.

Conventional bait hooks were used the first day and similar sized, non-offset circle hooks were used the second day.

Fifty striped bass was the target number for each day. Striped bass were caught by chumming and anglers were instructed to hook, play and land the fish in a normal manner.

The location of the hook wound was identified when each fish was landed.

Fisheries Service biologists removed the hook if the fish was shallow hooked, but left the hook in place in deep hooked fish by cutting the line.

Each fish was marked to identify hook location (shallow or deep) by hole punching the tail fin.

The fish were placed in tanks on board DNR transport vessels.

Oxygen, temperature and salinity measurements from surface, mid-water and bottom depths were taken at each site several times each day.

The most optimal conditions for survival (lowest temperature and highest oxygen) found at each site were duplicated in the tank.

When 25 fish were captured, they were transported to the net-pens.

The striped bass were held for 72 hours and checked daily for mortality.

Temperature, dissolved oxygen and salinity were monitored in the pens each day.

Dead fish were measured and had hook location recorded.

All dead fish, marked as deep hooked, were dissected to determine the nature and extent of the internal damage that caused death.

All surviving fish were measured, had hook location recorded and were released after 72 hours.

RESULTS

Anglers caught 476 striped bass with conventional bait hooks and 640 with non-offset circle hooks.

The size of striped bass caught with bait hooks were similar (16.7 in; 10.5 - 36.6 in) to those fish caught with non-offset circle hooks (16.4 in; 11.4 - 36.3 in).

The deep hooking rate for conventional bait hooks over the course of the entire study was 17.2% and was 3.4% for non-offset circle hooks. This large decrease in deep hooking has been documented in several other Fisheries Service studies (24% for conventional hooks vs. 4% for circle hooks in summer 1996 and 46% vs. 11% in spring 1997).
The deep hooking mortality rate for striped bass caught with conventional bait hooks in this study was 53.1%. The deep hooking mortality rate with non-offset circle hooks was 23.5%. Studies done here in Maryland have consistently shown the deep hooking mortality rate of striped bass caught with conventional bait hooks to be about 50% regardless of temperature or salinity (57.7% in 1995; 41.0% in 1996 and 56.3% in 1997).

Overall, 9.1% of the striped bass caught on conventional hooks died whereas only 0.8% of the fish caught on circle hooks died.

DISCUSSION

Post mortem examinations of deep hooked striped bass caught with conventional bait hooks showed hook points penetrating heart and/or liver in most dead fish, and severe internal hemorrhage in all dead, deep hooked fish, even when major organs had not been penetrated. Post mortem dissections of fish deep hooked with circle hooks showed tears in the esophagus were caused by not the point, but by the outside bend of the hook. Non-offset circle hooks orient the point away from the direction of travel when the line is pulled tight. The point does not penetrate organs as a conventional bait hook with its point facing the direction of travel. Long term survival of deep hooked fish is not well documented.

Shallow hooking is defined as those fish hooked in the mouth A profound effect on shallow hooking mortality was documented in relation to air temperature. When air temperatures were below 95 F, the mortality of shallow hooked striped bass, those fish only stressed by physical exertion not by lethal hook wounds, was 0.8%. When air temperatures ranged from 95 to 105 F in July, mortality rose to 17.2%. The mortality rate of all shallow hooked fish combined was 3.5% for the entire study period.

Death in these studies is rapid. More than 75% of the fish that die, die in less than 6 hours and 95% die in less than 24 hours. Other catch-and-release studies with striped bass, shad and white perch show the same mortality pattern. This strongly suggests that mortality of these fish reflects hooking injury or angling stress, not confinement because mortality is rapid and usually associated with severe internal damage from hook damage. Mortality from caging stress would be expressed over time as fish languished in confinement. All fish that survive in the net pens are extremely vigorous at release.

Catch-and-release mortality studies in Maryland have shown that under most circumstances catch and release fishing is a relatively conservative practice. However there are circumstances under which release mortality can be high.

In the 1999 Study, we determined that 9.1% of the fish caught on conventional hooks died, but only 0.8% of the fish caught on circles hooks died. This dramatic difference in mortality should encourage anglers and fishery resource managers to strive to reduce deep hooking rates. Non-offset circle hooks not only reduce frequency of deep hooking, but deep hooking mortality is lower with non-offset circle hooks than conventional bait hooks.

When environmental conditions are stressful for released fish (high temperature, both air and water, and low salinity) anglers should minimize catch-and-release fishing. When angling during periods of extreme air temperatures (>95 F) keep the fish in the water when releasing. In 1999 we had also intended to evaluate release mortality at two significantly different salinity levels. Drought conditions this summer prevented mortality trials from being conducted at low salinity sites. An identical study will be done in the summer of 2000 to evaluate striped bass catch-and-release mortality under a low salinity environment

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
  • HOME
  • Chapter 1 : Tactics & Techniques
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Techniques
    • Freshwater Striped Bass Fishing Basics
    • Battle technique, putting' on the brakes...and wild fights
    • Bank Fishing for Stripers
    • Striped Bass Deep Water Fishing Facts and Information
    • Tips on Locating and Catching Striped Bass
    • 5 Striped Bass Fishing Tips For Using Their Instincts To Your Advantage
    • Targeting Big Fish
    • Striper class 101
    • Striper Lakes
    • Striper Fishing Tips
    • Ready to catch more stripers?
    • Striper School Fishing Fundamentals
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Booms
    • Never Lose Another Striped Bass
    • How To Catch More and Bigger Stripers
    • Don't Lose Your Fish!
    • Bigger Fish in Striper Blitzes
    • Striper Stealth
    • Big Mean Fish and Silly Little Plastic Boats
    • Kill Your Fish Finder & Other Stealth Techniques for Trophy Stripers
    • Important Quick Tips!
    • Stripers Have Great Vision!
    • Bring Two Rods!
    • Persistance
  • Chapter 2: Fishing Live/Cut Bait
    • Fishing for Stripers with Cut Bait
    • Anchovy Rigging Techniques
    • 3 Deadly Bait Rigs For Stripers
    • Fishing with Cut Bait for Stripers
    • Live Baits for Freshwater Striped Bass Fishing
    • Bait Fishing
    • Using Cut Bait for Stripers
    • Downrod Fishing for Stripers
    • How to Rig Fishing Line Using Anchovies for Freshwater Striper
    • Chunk - Cut Bait Fishing
    • Trim the Fins on Your Live Bait
    • Bait and Bait Rigs For Stripers
    • How to Find Shad for Bait
    • Chicken Livers: Secret Striper Bait
  • Chapter 3: Fishing Artificials
    • Striped Bass Plugging
    • Favorite Lures of the Striper Guides
    • Jigging: Basics
    • 3 Tips to help you catch more topwater stripers
    • Swimmer Plugs
    • Buck the Trend For Striped Bass
    • Striper Lures That Really Work
    • Striped Bass Jigging
    • Vertical Jigging for Striped Bass
    • Striper Lures for Trolling
    • Striped Bass on Bucktails
    • Early Springtime Reservoir Stripers on Artificials
    • Lures for Striped Bass
    • A Deadly Fluke Rig for Striper
    • Crankbaits For Stripers
    • Topwater Lures for Stripers
    • Traditional Poppers
    • Striped Bass Fishing Lures
    • How to Choose Lures for Striped Bass
    • Refining Top-water Techniques for Big Stripers The Next Level
    • Fall Striped Bass: Soft Plastic Jerk Bait
    • How To Catch More and Bigger Freshwater Stripers
    • Striper Lures That Really Work
    • Striped Bass Detect Shades
    • How to Dead Stick Striped Bass and Hybrid Striper
    • Six Topwater Secrets
  • Chapter 4: Spring & Summer Fishing
    • 4 Live Fishing Bait Strategies for Summer Striped Bass
    • Spring tips for striped bass fishing
    • Early Spring Striper Fishing Tactics
    • Spawning-Run Stripers
    • Spring Striper Fishing Tactics
    • Tip - Bigger Fish in Summer Blitzes
    • How to Catch Summer Striped Bass
    • Night Time is Striper Time
    • Early Springtime Reservoir Stripers on Artificials
  • Chapter 5: Fall & Winter Fishing
    • Catch Striped Bass All Winter Long
    • Fall Turnover
    • Fall Striped Bass: Soft Plastic Jerk Bait
    • Guide Tactics for Winter Striper
    • Winter Freshwater Striper tactics
    • Tactics for Wintertime Freshwater Stripers
    • Cold - Weather Striper Tactics
    • Time to try winter striped bass fishing
    • Going Deep For Stripers
    • Striped Bass Provide Great Cold Weather Angling Action
  • Chapter 6 : Fly Fishing for Stripers
    • Beginner's Guide to Fly Fishing for Striped Bass: The Gear
    • Big Jerks
    • Sweetwater Stripers
    • Fly Fishing for Stripers is Fun in Freshwater
    • Spey Stripers
    • The Big-Lake Blitz
    • Versatility For Success!!
    • Spring Flyfishing for White Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Fly Fishing for Hybrid Striped Bass in the Spring
    • Fly Fishing a Striper Boil/Blitz
  • Chapter 7: Bait Tanks & Keeping Bait
    • What Do Gizzard Shad Eat - Feeding Shad
    • Shad Keeper - Keep Shad Alive
    • Salt and Shad
    • Dissolved Oxygen and Shad
    • Mechanical Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Chemical Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Live Bait Tank Water Filtration
    • Bait Tank - Water and Conditioning
    • Water Aeration in Live Bait Tanks
    • Keeping Live Bait - Alive and Active
    • Bio-Wheel Filtration System for Live Bait Tanks
  • Chapter 8: Striped Bass Conservation
    • How to enhance your Striper catch and release efforts
    • Striped Bass Circle Hook Study
    • Thermal Niche Preference and Mortality of Striped Bass In Reservoirs
    • Striped Bass Hooking Mortality
    • Freshwater Striper Fishing Booms
    • Live Wells for Stripers
  • Chapter 9: Trolling for Stripers
    • Trolling for Landlocked Striped Bass
    • How to Troll Live Bait
    • Using Planer boards when trolling live bait
    • Slow-Trolling for Stripers
    • Trolling For Striped Bass
    • How to troll spoons in fresh water for Striped Bass
    • A New Look at Light Tackle Trolling
    • Technique for Trolling Artificial Lures
    • Leadcore Trolling
    • Flatline Trolling for Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Trolling for Big Stripers
    • Trolling for Stripers
  • Chapter 10: River Fishing for Stripers
    • Spawning-Run Stripers
    • Striped Bass River Fishing Facts and Information
    • Spring River Striper Techniques
    • River Fishing Facts and Information
    • Nightime River Fishing for September Striped Bass
    • Tips for Striped Bass Fishing in Rivers
  • Chapter 11: Odds & Ends
    • The Striped Bass
    • Tips to identify white bass, stripers and hybrid striped bass
    • World Record Striped Bass
    • Striped Bass Spawning Habits
    • Striper Myth Busting
    • Two of the Biggest Inland Stripers Ever Caught!
    • Stripers From Hook To Plate
  • Chapter 12: Tackle & Equipment
    • Choosing the Right Line: Mono Vs. Braid
    • How to Select a Fishing Line
    • Make Your Own Wooden Lures for Stripers
    • Six Tips for Choosing a Top-water Rod
    • Seven Tips for Selecting a Jigging Rod For Striper
    • Choosing the Right Rod For Light Tackle Stripers
    • Striper Fishing Boats
    • Striped Bass Boat Fishing Tackle
    • Selection of a Rod for Striper Fishing
    • What is the best fluorocarbon line?
    • Circle Hooks
    • How to Choose Lures for Striper Bass
    • Striped Bass Fishing Lures
    • TopWater Lures for Stripers
  • Chapter 13: Fishing with Planer Boards
    • Flat Lines and Planer Boards 101
    • Planer Board for Stripers
    • Carters Lake Planer-Board Winter Stripers
    • Planer boards can be adapted for wide variety of fishing applications
    • Planer boards adapt well for striped bass
    • Planer boards aren’t just for walleyes anymore
  • Chapter 14: Hybrid Striped Bass
    • Heating it up with Hybrids
    • Something about Hybrids
    • The Hard Fighting Hybrid Striper
    • Hybrid Striped Bass Information
    • Night Stripes — Fishing tips for Lake St. John hybrid stripers
  • Chapter 15 :Virginia Striped Bass Fishing
    • Buggs Island Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Claytor Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Lake Anna Striper Fishing Opportunities
    • Leesville Lake Striper Opportunities
    • Smith Mountain Lake Striper Opportunities
  • VirginiaStripers.com
  • Contact